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我後面不是鐵達尼
翻譯：angelguga(幽影)
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而是浮動乾船塢
※20241012
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裡面是我們的船
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DD-661 紀德
USS Kidd
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今天咱們來回顧
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浮動乾船塢是什麼？
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講一點她如何運作
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再來是她的歷史
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以及她有多重要
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我是以利亞
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紀德博物館的AO策展人
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我們就來看看吧
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我知道你會問我這個問題
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什麼是浮動乾船塢？
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OK，所以浮動乾船塢就是
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漂浮的船塢
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哈哈，開玩笑的
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說真的這是什麼玩意
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是個船塢嗎？
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我們可以用它做些事
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就是將船放到裡面
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再把她從水裡抬起來
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我要講的是
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其設計目的
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乾船塢如何執行任務等
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以及為何我們如此關心這些
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二戰期間
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特別是其中的太平洋戰爭
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我們必須考慮到物流
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這是補給線的F術語
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OK，這有點像郵差送信
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從這邊送到到那邊
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此處【物流】就如上所述
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所以浮動乾船塢就用於
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一個非常非常重要的目的
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OK，當你有一艘船
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距離最近的碼頭有數千英里
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這就可以支援她
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這不只節省很多時間
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有時要花好幾個月
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從前線回來這裡
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帶著中彈等各種損傷
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一路遠渡太平洋
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途經幾座島嶼基地
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最後到美國本土
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在那裡她可以入渠並修復
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這需要很多時間
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戰時，尤其是太平洋戰爭中期
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紀德投身其中
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需要從一座島去下一座島
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我們不能停下腳步
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進攻刻不容緩
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所以海軍在很久以前的
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1900年代就已解決此問題
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美國海軍造船廠暨船塢部
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拿出一件東西並說
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嘿！咱得看看這個
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並試驗下浮動乾船塢
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所以他們在1905年提出解決方案
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並於1906年
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首度造出三面式浮動船塢
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代號：YFD
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所以第一座乾船塢看起來
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就很像這邊這座
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而他們的目的是為了
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到達艦船的水下部分
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像是舵
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螺旋槳及其槳軸等
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舉例來說
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像後面那艘一樣的驅逐艦在太平洋
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她中彈了，水線下發生狀況
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我們不用再浪費大量時間
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帶她回美國
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我們要用這座乾船塢
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拖著它一路漂到前線
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這樣就可以在幾週內修好她
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而不需用上幾個月
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那麼，這是怎麼辦到的？
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首先
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我們可以看到船塢呈U形
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兩側是翼牆
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然後是…呃，浮橋甲板
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翼牆裡都是壓載艙
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這用來讓物體保持漂浮
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例如在艦船上
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通常會用壓艙石
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或其他重物
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這些牆裡面其實是
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水與空氣
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那他們要怎麼做
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讓紀德就定位？
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他們會先讓翼牆下沉
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方法是將牆內泵滿水
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讓它降降降降
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直到足以讓艦船開進去
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停在那些龍骨塢墩上
Keel blocks
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再灌空氣把水趕出來
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讓它又升起來
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此時就能到達水下區塊
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處理那裡的問題
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將它加以修理
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做我們需要做的事
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再用相同的方式倒過來做
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放下浮橋讓船開出去
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現在她準備好了
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再來是另一個問題
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我確信你會問我
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如何將這玩意送到大海
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或前往需要她的地方
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例如 YFD-2
※口誤，這艘不叫杜威
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建造於馬里蘭州
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藉拖船或推船運送
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順流來到紐奧良
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幸得紐奧良市長盛大歡迎
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還舉辦遊行等各種活動
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但他們如何送她去那裡？
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這玩意沒有自己的動力
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我的意思是
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沒有配備任何形式的
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引擎或類似物
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其中有些確實配備舵
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有助於她的活動能力
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但是
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沒有任何形式的
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外部動力源
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她們應該有內部動力
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可維持自身需求
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所以可以把她們
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放入海灣或港口
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這樣一來
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我們只要把船開過去就好
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像這種尺寸的東西
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大概會配備60名乘員
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以及約5-10名軍官
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取決於當下誰在那裡
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與他們的職務
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當然，他們大多不是
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砲手或相近崗位的人
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他們可能是
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木匠、技師
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冶金工人、電氣技師等
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將擠滿這裡
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而這些艦船的乘員
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要住哪裡、做什麼事？
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是我常被問到的另一個問題
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看好，這旁邊是什麼
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此外還有其他駁船
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因此拖曳的不僅是船塢本身
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還拖著一艘駁船
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那通常是乘員們睡覺的地方
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餐廳與廚房都會設在駁船上
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這樣他們就去那裡用餐
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到船塢外大快朵頤
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再回到船塢工作
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就像我說過的
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約有60名乘員
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較大的當然會有更多人
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我講的高階浮動乾船塢
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會有幾百人
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同時在上面幹活
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就其發展來說
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如我所說，在1900年代
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我國建造了3座
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二戰開戰時的大美利堅
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就是這3座在服役
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其中1座在菲律賓
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杜威
USS Dewey
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相信它是唯一有命名的
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浮動乾船塢
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這些浮船塢沒在分級別、型號等
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杜威停泊在菲律賓、蘇比克灣
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日軍打進來時
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我軍意識到
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守不住這座浮船塢了！
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我軍遂沉掉這座浮船塢
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日軍逐步推進
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時為1942年4-6月
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他們發現這座浮動乾船塢
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認為還能用並將之撈起
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用於自軍的需求
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幾年後，1944年11月
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我國與盟軍察覺
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他們在使用我國浮船塢
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所以我軍重返當地
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用2枚魚雷將之擊沉
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這就是她的服役生涯
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其他在服役的是 YFD-2
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其服役生涯極為出色
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她的母港是珍珠港
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1941年12月7日，珍珠港事件
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YFD-2跟一艘像旁邊那樣的驅逐艦
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呃，再小一點
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驅逐艦 肖
USS Shaw DD-373
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事發當時
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肖前部彈藥庫中彈爆炸
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並炸傷圍繞她的浮船塢
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但技藝不凡的美國海軍
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有本事同時撈起船跟船塢
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她們皆在6個月內修好復歸
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浮動乾船塢 YFD-2
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維修過許多軍艦
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但無法修理過大或太特殊的
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例如空母、戰艦
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對這類來說，她太小了
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我軍會用別的來維修
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而她負責驅逐艦、艦隊拖船
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與油輪等輔助艦艇
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她一年到頭
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乃至整場戰爭都在修船
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另一座則是 ASB-1
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這是座輔助浮船塢
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她可修遍了
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整個太平洋
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她先開到一個地方落腳
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埃斯皮里圖桑托島
Espiritu Santo
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位於所羅門群島的南方
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再北上 瓜島
Guadalcanal
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穿過南太平洋
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這座的維修對象差不多
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就是驅逐艦與任何
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排水量約3000噸的船
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驅逐艦就在這個範圍
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這就是我國開戰時擁有的3座
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光陰似箭
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我國意識到，要打倒日本
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就必須解決維修問題
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我大美利堅的工業產能全力發揮
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生產超過150座
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浮船塢或乾船塢
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她們有各種尺寸
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跟這座一樣小的
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用來維修小型艦
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00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:57,200
包括驅逐艦
234
00:08:57,200 --> 00:09:00,500
之後越來越大、越來越大
235
00:09:00,500 --> 00:09:02,000
最大那座是我國保有之
236
00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:04,200
先進支援基座船塢
237
00:09:04,200 --> 00:09:06,800
或稱 ASBD-1
238
00:09:07,400 --> 00:09:09,800
而這座有點奇怪
239
00:09:09,800 --> 00:09:11,700
她有分段
240
00:09:11,700 --> 00:09:15,800
那些分段就像手或手臂
241
00:09:15,800 --> 00:09:18,800
一段段連接起來
242
00:09:18,800 --> 00:09:21,800
這座 ASBD-1
243
00:09:21,800 --> 00:09:25,000
有10個分段
244
00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:27,800
若將10個分段擺在一起
245
00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:31,600
起重能力將達10萬噸
246
00:09:32,500 --> 00:09:34,500
我幾天前做過臥推
247
00:09:34,500 --> 00:09:36,300
我無法舉這麼重
248
00:09:36,300 --> 00:09:38,400
但這座可以
249
00:09:38,400 --> 00:09:41,100
而得以維修大型主力艦
250
00:09:41,100 --> 00:09:43,000
驅逐艦不用說
251
00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:46,000
像加州的戰艦愛達荷
252
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:48,000
空母
253
00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:49,700
艦隊空母艾塞克斯級
對岸：埃塞克斯級
254
00:09:49,700 --> 00:09:51,500
例如 列星頓 CV-16
255
00:09:51,500 --> 00:09:53,300
乃至更小的空母
256
00:09:53,300 --> 00:09:54,500
呃，輕空母 CVL
257
00:09:54,500 --> 00:09:56,500
那些是她們的維修對象
258
00:09:56,500 --> 00:09:58,500
當中有座一路開到沖繩
259
00:09:58,500 --> 00:10:00,500
於1945年
260
00:10:00,500 --> 00:10:03,600
協助維修一眾
261
00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:06,000
在戰役中負傷的艦船
262
00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:08,200
並獲頒戰鬥之星
263
00:10:08,200 --> 00:10:10,300
據我所知，這是有戰星的
264
00:10:10,300 --> 00:10:12,000
2座浮船塢之一
265
00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:14,000
另一座就是 YFD-2
266
00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:15,600
於珍珠港事件獲頒
267
00:10:15,600 --> 00:10:17,300
若沒有這些浮船塢
268
00:10:17,300 --> 00:10:20,300
戰爭將打到1946-1947年
269
00:10:20,300 --> 00:10:22,300
因為無法輪流讓
270
00:10:22,300 --> 00:10:24,600
7000多艘各式艦船
271
00:10:24,600 --> 00:10:27,800
使用這類船塢
272
00:10:27,800 --> 00:10:30,000
這就是【物流】未充分發揮作用
273
00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:33,300
或遭到低估的歷史走向
274
00:10:33,300 --> 00:10:36,500
因此我們不妨用心看看她
275
00:10:36,500 --> 00:10:39,100
別忘了觀賞我們先前的直播
276
00:10:39,100 --> 00:10:41,600
裡面有拍到艦船進出的情形
277
00:10:41,600 --> 00:10:44,000
提姆‧奈斯密斯是我們的艦船主管
278
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:46,200
有在裡面發表一些評論
279
00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:48,000
若您有任何問題
280
00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:49,400
請在評論區發問
281
00:10:49,400 --> 00:10:50,900
我不會回覆
282
00:10:50,900 --> 00:10:52,900
開玩笑的！會回覆啦
283
00:10:52,900 --> 00:10:55,100
此外，也懇請光臨我們頻道
284
00:10:55,100 --> 00:10:57,100
了解更多像這樣的知識
285
00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:00,600
※感謝史蒂芬生先生的努力
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